{"id":1326,"date":"2022-01-20T11:49:09","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T11:49:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/?p=1326"},"modified":"2022-01-20T11:49:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T11:49:09","slug":"string-art-inspired-rainbow-graphics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/2022\/01\/20\/string-art-inspired-rainbow-graphics\/","title":{"rendered":"String-art inspired rainbow graphics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Custom post code :: Pure CSS Rainbows -->\n<!-- Adds prettyprint for code snippets -->\n\n  code { background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.05); }\n  .linenums { color: #aaa; }\n  .linenums li {\n    list-style-type: decimal !important;\n    font-size: 12pt;\n    margin-top: 0px;\n  }\n  .linenums li:nth-child(even) { background: transparent !important; }\n  .wp-block-image { text-align: center !important; }\n  .wp-block-image img { display: inline; }\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>These activities are inspired by string-art. Pins are placed on a cork board, and strings can be strung from the pins to create artwork. We will create some simple line art patterns, using Processing.org language, and explore transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The activities develop from previous ones. So take a look at the following activities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>The activity to&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/project-rainbow\/using-the-critical-thinking-sheet\/\" target=\"_blank\">make a quick sketch before you code<\/a>, introduces the Critical Thinking Sheet. You can find a copy of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/CTS-Bangor-v1-2.pdf\">CTS sheet here<\/a>.<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/project-rainbow\/learn-hue-saturation-and-brightness-hsb-colour-coding\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hue Saturation Brightness<\/a>&nbsp;activity.<\/li><li>The<a href=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/project-rainbow\/introduction-to-processing\/\"> introduction to processing activity.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activity 1. Sketch and plan the picture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first task is to think and plan what will be created. We need to think about the page, and how we will lay the lines on the page. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us have a 500 by 500 grid. The square grid is convenient for our purpose, as it is a convenient size to think about the coordinate space. We can make the whole page larger by 10, so to give a white border around the line art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now complete the other parts of the Critical Thinking Sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 30%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"529\" height=\"736\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/cts-coloured-lines-activity.jpg\" alt=\"Critical Thinking Sheet example for the line-art activity\" class=\"wp-image-1328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/cts-coloured-lines-activity.jpg 529w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/cts-coloured-lines-activity-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<ol><li>If you have not done so already: print out the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/CTS-Bangor-v1-2.pdf\">Critical Thinking Sheet<\/a>. Complete the problem, name and add today\u2019s date, and explain the challenge part \u2460&nbsp;<\/li><li>In panel \u2461 make a sketch of the problem output, and annotate the diagram.<\/li><li>In panel \u2462 you can explain the main components of the system. In this challenge there are three main aspects: (i) the size of the page, (ii) the appearance and colours of the lines and (iii) the x,y locations of the start and end points of the lines.<\/li><li>In panel \u2463 we can now explain the process (algorithm).<\/li><li>Finally, consider what to do next. Definitely we need to think more about the colour model (HSB).<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activity 2. Setup the page, and draw several horizontal lines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first stage is to setup the grid size, and plot some horizontal lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The size of the page is easy to choose size(520, 520); as we need to have some space around it for the white border. But as we are dealing with lines, let us also choose the width of the line stroke to be 5 (so it looks a little wider) and set the rendering to smooth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-background has-subtle-background-background-color is-style-solid-color\"><blockquote class=\"has-text-color has-primary-color\"><p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Top tip.<\/span><br>Sketch &#8211; even if it seems simple!<br><br><strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit;letter-spacing: -0.0417857em;color: inherit\">While it may seem so simple,<\/span><br>that we don&#8217;t need to <br>sketch the ideas, <\/span><\/em><\/strong><br><strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\"> the act of sketching<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\">helps us to think<br>what we are about to achieve.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>size(520, 520);\nbackground(255);\nstrokeWeight(5);\nsmooth();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>For convenience, let us setup a variable called myMax, that will hold the quantity of lines. Then we can use this when we setup the colour mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>int myMax = 25;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now setup the colourMode. Let us use the HSB colour mode, as it is easier to go through the rainbow colour spectrum. Also we will set each of the other parameters to 100, so that we can think of the values in terms of percentages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>colorMode(HSB,myMax,100,100,100);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Thinking that every value is out of 100 is convenient, so let us prepare a useful multiplier, based on the size of the grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>float myMult = 500\/myMax;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-lines.png\" alt=\"Line art example, screenshot showing horizontal lines\" class=\"wp-image-1330\" width=\"356\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-lines.png 632w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-lines-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><figcaption>Line art example, screenshot showing horizontal lines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now we can draw the horizontal lines. We need one for loop, to achieve our goal. The loop variable controls the y value. The x value is constant, as we have a horizontal line. So we will draw a line from <code>(0, loop-variable*myMult)<\/code> to <code>(500, loop-variable*myMult)<\/code>. In other words, the <code>myMult<\/code> variable scales the loop variable such that the coordinate positions appear in our <code>500<\/code> by <code>500<\/code> grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>for (int i = 0; i &lt;= myMax; i ++) {\n    stroke(i,100,100,100);\n    line(0,i*myMult,500,i*myMult);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activity 3. Create a grid, by adapting the previous activity, and investigate transparency<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now adapt the set of lines, so to create a grid of lines. And also by increasing the <code>strokeWeight<\/code> of the lines (making them appear wider).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-vert-lines.png\" alt=\"Line art; showing horizontal and vertical lines in a grid\" class=\"wp-image-1332\" width=\"420\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-vert-lines.png 632w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-vert-lines-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><figcaption>Line art; showing horizontal and vertical lines in a grid<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now change the transparency value, to (say) 40%, as <code>stroke(i,100,100,40); <\/code> This will mean that when the lines fall on top of each other the colours will add together to create darker colours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-vert-lines-transparent.png\" alt=\"Line art, with transparent horizontal and vertical lines\" class=\"wp-image-1333\" width=\"356\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-vert-lines-transparent.png 632w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-horizontal-vert-lines-transparent-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><figcaption>Line art, with transparent horizontal and vertical lines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, explore different line weights,  quantities and positions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activity 4. Diagonal lines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By changing the orientation of the lines, we can now create different pictures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example. Try creating a set of 100 lines diagonally. We can keep the same for loop, just create a set of 50 lines to the centre, and then another 50 lines to the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-background has-subtle-background-background-color is-style-solid-color\"><blockquote class=\"has-text-color has-primary-color\"><p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Top Tip.<\/span><br>Make your coding life easy!<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\">1) easy to read variable names<br>2) memorable names<br>3) keep values understandable, e.g., use percents<br>4) comment code. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>line(0,i*myMult,i*myMult,0);\nline(500,i*myMult,i*myMult,500);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, we have set <code>strokeWeight<\/code>(20), and the colour to be the loop variable, and its transparency of to be a value of 40 (which means 40 out of the 100 that we have previously set in the colorMode setup).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code prettyprint linenums\"><code>stroke(i,100,100,40);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-diagonal-lines-transparent.png\" alt=\"Line art, showing lines of varying hue and semi transparent\" class=\"wp-image-1334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-diagonal-lines-transparent.png 632w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-diagonal-lines-transparent-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><figcaption>Line art, showing lines of varying hue and semi transparent<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activity 5. Incrementing diagonal lines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally create a set of lines that increment across both the x and the y axis. This will create incrementing diagonal lines. So for instance, with 40 lines, transparency set to 30, with the <code>strokeWeight<\/code> of  30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines.png\" alt=\"Line art example, showing semi transparent lines that are incrementing in both x and y direction\" class=\"wp-image-1335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines.png 632w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><figcaption>Line art example, showing semi transparent lines that are incrementing in both x and y direction<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>And finally you can also add the reverse lines, as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways.png\" alt=\"Line art example, showing incrementing lines on x and y axis and y and x axis\" class=\"wp-image-1336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways.png 632w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways-290x300.png 290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><figcaption>Line art example, showing incrementing lines on x and y axis and y and x axis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By changing the values (increasing the quantity of lines to 200, selecting transparency to be very low, e.g., 3, stroke weight to 2) different versions can be created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"517\" height=\"517\" src=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways-subtle.png\" alt=\"Line art example, showing diagonal lines and a subtle colour map\" class=\"wp-image-1340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways-subtle.png 517w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways-subtle-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/line-art-set-of-incrementing-diagonal-lines-bothways-subtle-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><figcaption>Line art example, showing diagonal lines and a subtle colour map<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Go further<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Have a look on the internet for other line-art examples. Get inspired by those examples and try to recreate them. For example, have a go at the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>instead of using coordinates from external points on a square, you could do them from internal points.<\/li><li>try creating them from random points<\/li><li>try to plot them around a circle.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Create line art in processing, based on a 500&#215;500 grid. Explore transparency effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,7,16,17],"tags":[36,44,57,65,80,81,88,99,102,103,107,128],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>String-art inspired rainbow graphics - Project Rainbow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/csee.bangor.ac.uk\/projectrainbow\/2022\/01\/20\/string-art-inspired-rainbow-graphics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"String-art inspired rainbow graphics - Project Rainbow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Create line art in processing, based on a 500x500 grid. 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